Insights
Guides and analysis. Written to be read, built to be cited.
FUNDAMENTALS
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Dark Spread Formula | Clean Dark Spread Calculator
March 2026
Master dark spread calculations for coal-fired power plants: efficiency factors, carbon emissions at 0.96 tCO2/MWh, fuel switching economics, and why European coal is disappearing. Includes Python implementation, worked examples with 2026 prices, and comparison to spark spreads.
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Global Gas Market | LNG Shipping & NBP-Henry Hub Pricing
January 2026
Master global gas market dynamics: LNG shipping economics, netback pricing, storage arbitrage, and why UK prices track Henry Hub with a 6-8 week lag. Essential foundation for understanding the gas input costs in spark spread calculations.
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Mark-to-Market P&L Calculation | Energy Trading Guide
January 2026
Master MTM P&L from first principles: the core formula, realized vs unrealized P&L, why sign matters, real-time monitoring, and interpreting hedge-effective portfolios. The foundation for daily risk management, margin calls, and performance measurement.
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Physical Foundations of Energy Commodities
January 2026
Master the physical foundations of energy trading: instant grid balance, merit order dispatch, and how infrastructure constraints create trading opportunities. The essential foundation for understanding spark spreads, gas shipping, and storage arbitrage.
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Position Aggregation & Delta Exposure | Energy Trading
January 2026
Master position aggregation from first principles: signed quantities, the three-key rule, physical vs financial splits, delta exposure, and hedge ratios. Includes Python implementation of a position engine - the foundation every trading system uses.
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Spark Spread Explained: How Power Plants Make Money
January 2026
Master spark spread calculations: efficiency factors, carbon emissions, hourly variation, and why plants run at losses. Includes Python implementation and real-world trading strategies for CCGT dispatch decisions.
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Physical vs Financial Energy Trading | UK Gas & Power Guide
August 2025
Comprehensive guide to physical vs financial energy trading in UK and European markets. Covers spatial arbitrage (NBP-TTF pipeline trading), temporal arbitrage (storage economics and forward curves), quality arbitrage (spark spreads), and the software architecture challenges of building integrated ETRM systems. Essential for engineers, quants, and aspiring energy traders.
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Why Market Knowledge Beats ETRM Skills for a Career in Energy Trading
July 2025
Learning an ETRM system is like learning Excel to be a CFO. Discover why the real value lies in understanding the business and the market, not the specific trading tool.
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Energy Trading 101: Beginner's Guide to UK Energy Markets
June 2025
Learn energy trading fundamentals from a software engineer's perspective. This comprehensive guide explains spot vs forward markets, hedging mechanics, physical vs financial settlement, exchange vs OTC trading, and how Python-powered analytics pipelines create competitive advantage in UK energy markets.
MARKET ANALYSIS
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The UK's Energy Market 2025: A Trader's Guide to Gas Addiction, Windy Bets, and the Price of Sovereignty | A115
July 2025
A115's deep-dive analysis of the UK's volatile energy market for professionals. We dissect the paradox of renewable success, the unshakeable reliance on gas, the pivot to physical assets by merchant traders, and the emerging trading strategies for 2025 and beyond.
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UK Energy Trading Market 2025: An Infographic Analysis | A115
July 2025
A visual infographic of the UK energy trading market in 2025. Explore key players like Shell and BP, market dynamics, asset control, and future trends in this deep-dive analysis.
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Belgium's Energy Profile: Strategic Insights for UK Traders
July 2025
Explore Belgium's dynamic energy landscape through this infographic. Key data on generation mix, nuclear policy shifts, rapid renewable growth, and crucial UK interconnections provide essential context for energy traders.
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Belgium Energy Market 2025 | UK Trading Guide
July 2025
A115's analysis of Belgium's dynamic energy market for UK professionals, covering the 2025 nuclear U-turn, record negative prices, 15-minute MTU launch, battery storage boom, and cross-border trading opportunities.
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A Trader's Guide to European Energy: July 2025
July 2025
A deep dive into the European energy markets of July 2025. This educational report breaks down the key trends, from weather-driven volatility and geopolitical risks to the contrarian plays and the rise of AI in trading.
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UK Energy Market Analysis Q1 2025 | Gas & Power Prices
March 2025
Stay informed on the key discussions among UK commodity traders in March 2025, focusing on energy trading topics. This report covers geopolitical impacts, market volatility, government policies, and renewable energy trends.
BOOK REVIEWS
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From Code to Quant: A Software Engineer's Guide to Stochastic Calculus through Shreve's Lens
June 2025
A software engineer's guide to becoming a quant by mastering stochastic calculus. Using Steven Shreve's famous textbook as a roadmap, this article translates complex topics like Itô's Lemma and binomial models into developer-friendly analogies. Learn how to bridge the gap between deterministic code and the probabilistic models that run financial markets.
CAREER ADVICE
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Essential Skills of Effective Modern Software Engineers
June 2025
To thrive in today's market, modern software engineers need a diverse skill set beyond just coding. This guide details the essential technical and business competencies, from mastering a back-end language like Python to understanding cloud infrastructure and CI/CD pipelines. Future-proof your career by focusing on these fundamental skills that separate good developers from great ones.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
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Python for Software Engineers 2026 | Enterprise Development Guide
June 2025
Bridge the gap between simple Python scripting and building enterprise-grade software with the new book by Jordan Dimov. This guide instils the mindset of a seasoned software engineer, focusing on production-quality code, reusable patterns, and managing complexity. Master the fundamental skills needed to build reliable, maintainable, and scalable business software.
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